Vaccine passport12/29/2023 ![]() Yet there is limited evidence of vaccine-induced immunity beyond limited follow-up of clinical trial participants. 3 Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 has occurred, albeit rarely. Coronavirus infections, such as from the 2002-2004 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak, generally afford limited protection for 1 to 2 years. The duration of protection afforded by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is uncertain. If DHPs were limited to only certain vaccine products, it would also exacerbate inequities based on access to particular vaccines. Considerable variability in vaccine effectiveness in preventing symptomatic disease could affect the usefulness of DHPs. Each vaccine could have variable effectiveness against currently circulating and future SARS-CoV-2 variants. Currently, the overall efficacy of 6 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, mRNA-1273 (Moderna/NIAID), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (University of Oxford/AstraZeneca), Gam-COVID-Vac/Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology), and BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm/Beijing Institute of Biological Products), authorized for use in select countries, ranges from 65.5% to 94.6% in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 based on published clinical trial data.
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